Common Name:
Cladina rangiferina
Scientific Name:
Cladina rangiferina
Unique Qualities:
Reindeer moss is not a moss; it is lichen which is a combination of fungus and algae sharing a symbiotic relationship and forming a new plant. It rarely reaches more than 17 centimetres in height. Caribou and reindeer can smell lichen through the snow, and paw down to eat it. Reindeer moss has the ability to convert sunlight into food in low temperature and low light conditions. Its tissue is not easily damaged by frost. When water is scarce or light and temperatures are low, the plant dries out and becomes dormant. Reindeer moss can begin to function again even after a long dormancy.
Can be Seen:
Reindeer moss can be seen across northern Canada, and in mountain areas as far south as California.
Likes to Hang Out:
The reindeer moss likes to hang out in the Low Arctic in open areas, sub-Arctic forests, open woodlands and bogs.
Benefits of the Plant:
Reindeer moss is called so because it is the most important winter food of reindeer and caribou. It makes up around 60 to 70 per cent of their winter diets. Reindeer moss is sometimes used to make a powder that thickens soups and desserts. It is highly nutritious, especially as a source of A and B vitamins. Reindeer moss helps form new soil, stabilize eroding sand, and create habitat for other plants and animals.
Status:
Reindeer moss is very rare and is considered endangered in many areas. Human activities have caused the decline of reindeer moss. Reindeer moss is a slow-growing lichen, and is more vulnerable than other plants to overgrazing and trampling. Recovery after a complete removal of this lichen cover takes 30 to 50 years. The reindeer moss is the indicator of health, quality of air, and pollution levels in certain areas; for example in industrial areas, severe atmospheric pollution has resulted in the elimination of many lichen species. Sulfur dioxide and related chemicals are among the most widespread and damaging.
